Comparison of the Mucosal Immune Response in Dogs Vaccinated with Either an Intranasal Avirulent Live Culture or a Subcutaneous Antigen Extract Vaccine of Bordetella bronchiseptica
Clinical Relevance Healthy dogs with low antibody titer to Bordetella bronchiseptica were vacci-nated intranasally with an avirulent live vaccine, subcutaneously with an antigen extract vaccine, or subcutaneously and intranasally with a placebo. Intranasally vaccinated dogs developed B. bronchiseptica–specific IgA titers in nasal secre-tions that remained at high levels until the end of the study; dogs […]